Science

Computer science is the discipline that govern the properties and behavior of information, which forces the flow and the means to review the information for maximum accessibility and utility of the process. It is a component of pure scientific research, which is not yet ripe for its application and a component of applied science, products and services

Management

The Information Management (IM) can help to improve the competitiveness ofBusiness and organizational processes of modernization in terms of planning and strategic use of information and related technology and standards of quality, content and information security company.

The importance of information technology is the application of the storage and retrieval of information and its dissemination in databases and computer networks for the various systems. Information society because of man conglomeratetechnological change has had its share of the survival and development on the basis of the creation, storage, distribution and intensive use of information resources. Any system that use or not use resources in the information, generates and manipulates information is generally regarded as an information system.

Information Technology

The term "Information Technology" is all activities relating to information and communication through integrated electronicEquipment. This term is broader and includes "all types of technology that works with information, is a system of information, automation of industrial processes related to communication between two computers organizations or personal use of computational technologies, resources . Information on the general resources of a company to develop and manage information. These resources include hardware, software, communications (voice, data and video) and findStaff. Information technology is the performance of computer applications available - Software - and telecoms. technologies and applications processing and data storage capabilities combined with telecommunication transmission distance. It presents the fundamentals of data processing and / or information technology and communication through electronic devices for it.

Information Technology and its impact

Technology is defined as theOf knowledge, especially scientific and specific, that apply to a particular line of business, it can also be regarded as a science that deals with technology. The technology is a packet of information for the various types (scientific, empirical ...), from various sources (scientific discoveries, patents, books, manuals, drawings, ...), with different methods (research, development, copying and intelligence to organize ...) and the production of goods and services. The author addsthat "the knowledge and skills are used in the production of technology packages, the technological capabilities. The growing development and integration of parts of IT (hardware, software, communication networks, workstation [CAD, CAM, CIM, etc. .] Robotics and Intelligent chips revolutionized) the way you have to live, communicate, think and act. As information technology is integrated into the production system will change radically the structure andHow it's made in the work, particularly with regard to production work and arrangements for coordination of information technology and telecommunications.

To refer to the possibility of strategic use of IT, it is necessary for the crowd, get to know. Can be considered as the following categories:

a) technology, hardware;

b) information systems;

c) office automation;

d) the development and design of computer e) industrial automation;

f) an indication ofAutomation;

g) multimedia resources.

The systematization of the sets of the most important information technology serves as a guide uses research synthesis of the most strategic and must be updated constantly, as any classification information technology and telecommunications is outdated in a hurry, because the rate of Progress in this area. Examples of IT:

a) technology for the design of information technology - computer methods, data modeling and process methodsPrepare the master plan of information technology;

b) technologies for the development of systems - the methods of systems development methodologies, project management, methods of testing and debugging of programs, techniques, systems analysis, technical design of systems, techniques, prototyping, engineering design data seat, programming techniques;

c) Technologies for the support of software - operating systems, database management systems, software development, utilities,monitor performance, programming language, leading to their implementation;

d) The technology in production processes and work - GFP, capacity planning, performance management;

e) the technologies that support Hardware - supercomputers, computers, large networks of computers, networks, micro-mainframe, microcomputer, RISC architecture, graphics and stations.

With the knowledge of the various types of existing IT, the next step is to understand how they can be usedOrganizations such as support of organizational strategies.

The use of information technology in organizations

The rapidly changing economic environment, companies must adapt and compete for new ways to differentiate themselves from competition. Information technology and telecommunications, which is also the core of many of the innovations used by organizations to succeed or even survive. Information technology is now used as a tool to promote competitiveness and to acquireand / or maintain a competitive advantage over your competitors. This increased strategic use of IT is due to a change in the conception of the role of information in organizations. Until 1960, information was often refers to the tasks of designs, manufactures and distributes any service. The first information system that was created was a semi-automatic system, called Electronic accounting machines (EAM). In 1960 the organization began to realize that theThe information could be used to support the administration in general. The permits come from a mainframe company to process the data in a centralized manner, and the mainframe was the center of IT operations. The Management Information Systems (GIS), was the proposal that the rate of increase required reporting developed. At that time, in particular applications of IT automation of repetitive tasks and decisions to invest in IT in general, were evaluated in terms ofThe work of reducing costs for the decision support system (DSS) and Executive Support Systems (SAE) has been improved and the speed of decision-making by some managers and executives in a wide range of problems. The mini computer also increases the use of IT in business has the financial capacity to invest in exchange mainframe investments in IT cost-cutting had. The computer and communications equipment and staff are connected to a data centerProcessing.

Access to data on-line consultation with a computer terminal or relationships. The data center is also responsible for the development of various software, processes and updates to users. Common was also the existence of the Department of Management Information System (GIS). This division had a team of analysts and programmers who have been identified and designed to support the development of new software, the company's activities. Computer resources are used as tools to supportBusiness.

In the mid-1980s, the concept of information in a strategic resource, a potential source of competitive advantage and strategic weapon to be added. The strategic systems appeared to survive and prosper to ensure the organization.

Information technology has also a more complete, in which the implementation of business processes is being increasingly used for its implementation. The introduction of the personal computer (PC) and a proliferation of standards for hardware andSoftware caused a change in organizations and the role of IT. Since the PC had a lower cost to the mainframe, the manager has started to individual applications outside the control of the Department GIS development, leading to a decentralization of information. These applications meet the departments needs to be. Information technology has involved all key sectors of society, joined dozens of full-time programmers, consultants, and more machines (or remote computershundreds of telecommunications networks) and, perhaps, end-user to organize the same data used for different applications. The data, rather than isolated and controlled by the central data processing have been used hundreds of employees from their computers, each stronger than the large computer over half of the year 1980. This system allows the management and institutional change, this new hardware makes the software more powerful, easy to use for beginners. Within hours,Employees can learn to respect, not in a position, a word processing program and prepare systems and applications for telecommunications in a microcomputer. Moreover, it is now possible for end users to easily your applications and systems without the help of programmers design.

In early 1990, it has allowed the transformation of business processes, the acquisition of a strategic nature. The development of the role of art, it is required scientific and technological progress in information technology,the pressure of an increasingly competitive environment and changes in the development of strategies for managing the business. There is a growing interdependence between business strategies, roles and procedures, on the one hand, and of software, hardware, data and telecommunications, on the other. A change in these components often requires changes in other components. to take the technological progress of microcomputers, the development of communication, data, voice, sounds and images,the use of computers and telecommunications to improve our products, services and organizations determined more precisely the profile of the society.

Today, technology allows you to create and disseminate knowledge and information across the enterprise with new work skills, and allows applications to access data across enterprise networks and communications. There is now cause the economy seen as an important tool and its use as an importantFactor for the success of organizations, both in terms of survival, is more competitive to get. The author in the light of this, the dependence of IT organizations is growing. Given their growing importance, but also its significant role in enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises, the planning should be part of the use of organizational strategies.

The strategy must be to the IT organization in line with the strategy ofBusiness. This guidance is to ensure that the allocation of resources for IT projects and guidelines for planning and priorities. But what we have seen throughout history is a growing complexity of the task of such an affinity.

The main factors for the misalignment between business and IT strategies:

- The pressure from suppliers of technology solutions for business;

- Connect this management model, nor the traditional models of informationCentral;

- View the professional management of IT;

- IT professionals with a vision of technology;

- Overview of IT and business at the end rather than means;

- Do you not think that in the strategic environment;

- Differences in the training of Chief Information Officer (CIO) and Chief Executive Officer (CEO);

- Distribution of computing power for the end user;

- Promises not kept;

- Disputes on space and power;

- Internal organization;

-The lack of sharing of responsibilities in relation to the success / failure of development of IT solutions;

- Low participation of the CEO to the IT industry;

- Lack of harmony between the management company's IT and business management;

- Problems of communication and language;

- Reduction of the group of IT;

- Giving a low of leadership roles in the success / failure of IT solutions, planned;

- Position of CEO potentialIT;

- Lack of priority of projects by the IT professionals;

- Lack of ability to understand the strategies;

- To monitor the problems in relationships;

- High turnover in the Office of the CIO;

verification, identification of the use of information technology in support of organizational strategies, and often occurs through a process almost intuitive. However, it should be a systematization of this process. To facilitate the process of using ITas a strategic resource that should be a fundamental discoveries: the concepts of optimal product and process development, implementation of vision systems and vision essential to make the analysis of problems / systems and innovative solutions for organizations information technology can be more competitive, the fundamental aspects of the business strategy can help organize the search for solutions to strategic effects. Considering these questions to assess managers in a better position toif their companies are willing to use them in support of organizational strategies.

The definition of opportunities and competitive advantages with the use of information technology, the following steps:

understanding of concepts or of competitive forces and strategy;

Or the definition of competitive forces is essential to society;

Or the definition of strategies that takes the company;

or assess the impact of information technology and communications;

ODefinition of the degree of reliance on information technology;

Or the definition of strategic opportunities for Information Technology.

strategic effects that create it, summarized as follows:

a) leads to changes in work (the work is abstract, the reduction in time and space, the continuity of knowledge about new ways of managing the business);

b) provides integration between the different business unit levelOrganization and beyond its borders (virtual production chain). Business competitiveness depends on a good interaction with suppliers and customers that can be collected on it;

c) the evolution of the competitive situation in many areas (strategic alliances and cooperation between competitors, companies that work together to share resources and services, gain competitive advantage);

d) If the new strategic opportunities for organizations that causes a Reviewand redefinition of the objectives of the mission, strategies and operations;

e) changes in management strategies and organizational structure, provided that the changes in organizational culture.

The implementation of technological innovations often requires social and technological change, which requires a relatively long time to adjust. This goal is not easy to get, why people resist change, and to those on an organization that employees are exposed, to be imposedwhen their work restored. This is a major barrier to strategic transitions. So for this process is successful it is essential that those responsible for implementing information and communication technologies for a better understanding of organizational change. Degree of complexity in the management of information technology.

The studies in this area, you can exchange the participants and the understanding of the processes of formulating and implementing policies for the use ofmanagement of information technology to meet the challenges of the state in relation to the principles of ethics, justice, social justice and rationality: The participating professionals will be able to:

- Do you know the potential of information technology for the solution of problems of management in state organizations.

- Structured Information Systems.

- Enter into a system in information technology.

- Rent and valuation services in the areas of management andInformation Technology.

The technical people involved will be in accordance with the ability to lead to lead change processes. You should have experience in managing teams or projects, the use of information technology, access to knowledge to the temporary database, logical, quantitative, and challenges for the ease of performance and interpersonal relationships. and information technology management in the context of this review, theConcept it should be extended scope, not limited to communications hardware, software and data.

Based etymologically the term technology is the difficulty of complete separation between information, concepts and technologies. Implementing it requires a completely restructured the information that is highly dependent on human resources, especially taking into account the capacity of human interaction, the ability toChange and creativity.